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Are you a Verizon Wireless Customer?
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Charlotte H. Klasson
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Sep 27, 2007 10:45 PDT
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September 27, 2007 - The New York Times
Verizon Reverses Itself on Abortion Rights Messages
By ADAM LIPTAK
Saying it had the right to block “controversial or unsavory” text messages,
Verizon Wireless last week rejected a request from Naral Pro-Choice
America, the abortion rights group, to make Verizon’s mobile network
available for a text-message program.
But the company reversed course this morning, saying it had made a mistake.
“The decision to not allow text messaging on an important, though
sensitive, public policy issue was incorrect, and we have fixed the process
that led to this isolated incident,” Jeffrey Nelson, a company spokesman,
said in a statement.
“It was an incorrect interpretation of a dusty internal policy,” Mr. Nelson
said. “That policy, developed before text messaging protections such as
spam filters adequately protected customers from unwanted messages, was
designed to ward against communications such as anonymous hate messaging
and adult materials sent to children.”
Mr. Nelson noted that text messaging is “harnessed by organizations and
individuals communicating their diverse opinions about issues and topics”
and said Verizon has “great respect for this free flow of ideas.”
The other leading wireless carriers had accepted the Naral program, which
allows people to sign up for text messages from Naral by sending a message
to a five-digit number known as a short code.
Text messaging is a growing political tool in the United States and a
dominant one abroad, and such sign-up programs are used by many political
candidates and advocacy groups to send updates to supporters.
But legal experts said private companies like Verizon probably have the
legal right to decide which messages to carry. The laws that forbid common
carriers from interfering with voice transmissions on ordinary phone lines
do not apply to text messages.
In reversing course today, Verizon did not disclaim the power to block
messages it deemed inappropriate.
The dispute over the Naral messages was a skirmish in the larger battle
over the question of “net neutrality” — whether carriers or Internet
service providers should have a voice in the content they provide to customers.
“This is right at the heart of the problem,” said Susan Crawford, a
visiting professor at the University of Michigan law school, referring to
the treatment of text messages. “The fact that wireless companies can
choose to discriminate is very troubling.”
In initially turning down the program, Verizon, one of the nation’s two
largest wireless carriers, had told Naral that it does not accept programs
from any group “that seeks to promote an agenda or distribute content that,
in its discretion, may be seen as controversial or unsavory to any of our
users.” Naral provided copies of its communications with Verizon to The New
York Times.
Nancy Keenan, Naral’s president, said Verizon’s initial decision interfered
with political speech and activism.
“No company should be allowed to censor the message we want to send to
people who have asked us to send it to them,” Ms. Keenan said.
“Regardless of people’s political views, Verizon customers should decide
what action to take on their phones. Why does Verizon get to make that
choice for them?”
On Wednesday, Mr. Nelson, the Verizon spokesman, said the initial decision
had turned on the subject matter of the messages and not on Naral’s
position on abortion. “Our internal policy is in fact neutral on the
position,” Mr. Nelson said. “It is the topic itself” — abortion — “that has
been on our list.”
Naral provided an example of a recent text message that it has sent to
supporters: “End Bush’s global gag rule against birth control for world’s
poorest women! Call Congress. (202) 224-3121. Thnx! Naral Text4Choice.”
Messages urging political action are generally thought to be at the heart
of what the First Amendment protects. But the First Amendment limits
government power, not that of private companies like Verizon.
In rejecting the Naral program, Verizon appeared to be acting against its
economic interests. It would have received a small fee to set up the
program and additional fees for messages sent and received.
Text messaging programs based on five- and six-digit short codes are a
popular way to receive updates on news, sports, weather and entertainment.
Several of the leading Democratic presidential candidates have used them,
as have the Republican National Committee, Save Darfur and Amnesty
International.
Most of the candidates and advocacy groups that use text message programs
are liberal, which may reflect the demographics of the technology’s users
and developers. A spokeswoman for the National Right to Life Committee,
which is in some ways Naral’s anti-abortion counterpart, said, for
instance, that it has not dabbled in text messaging.
Texting has proved to be an extraordinarily effective political tool.
According to a study released this month by researchers at Princeton and
the University of Michigan, young people who received text messages
reminding them to vote in November 2006 were more likely to go to the
polls. The cost per vote generated, the study said, was much smaller than
other sorts of get-out-the-vote efforts.
Around the world, the phenomenon is even bigger.
“Even as dramatic as the adoption of text messaging for political
communication has been in the United States, we’ve been quite slow compared
to the rest of the world,” said James E. Katz, the director of the Center
for Mobile Communication Studies at Rutgers University. “It’s important in
political campaigns and political protests, and it has affected the
outcomes of elections.”
Timothy Wu, a law professor at Columbia, said it was possible to find
analogies to Verizon’s decision abroad. “Another entity that controls mass
text messages is the Chinese government,” Professor Wu said.
Jed Alpert, the chief executive officer of Mobile Commons, which says it is
the largest provider of mobile services to political and advocacy groups,
including Naral, said he had never seen a decision like Verizon’s.
“This is something we haven’t encountered before, that is very surprising
and that we’re concerned about,” Mr. Alpert said.
Professor Wu pointed to a historical analogy. In the 19th century, he said,
Western Union, the telegraph company, engaged in discrimination, based on
the political views of people who sought to send telegrams. “One of the
eventual reactions was the common carrier rule,” Professor Wu said, which
required telegraph and then phone companies to accept communications from
all speakers on all topics.
Some scholars said such a rule was not needed for text messages because
market competition was sufficient to ensure robust political debate.
“Instead of having the government get in the game of regulating who can
carry what, I would get in the game of promoting as many options as
possible,” said Christopher S. Yoo, a law professor at the University of
Pennsylvania. “You might find text-messaging companies competing on their
openness policies.”
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