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FOS Newsletter, 3/18/02
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Peter Suber
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Mar 18, 2002 09:26 PST
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Welcome to the Free Online Scholarship (FOS) Newsletter
March 18, 2002
Article summarizing software
One of the myriad ways that sophisticated software will help researchers is
to write short summaries of digital articles. Imagine succinct,
AI-generated summaries accompanying URLs in a search engine. Imagine
bookmarking a hundred relevant-looking articles for a research project and
siccing a summarizer on them to see which deserve a full read. Imagine
right-clicking on a paragraph of postmodern discourse, and selecting "cut
the crap" from a pop-up menu.
Gerald DeJong pioneered this kind of AI with FRUMP (Fast Reading
Understanding and Memory Program), a 1979 adaptation of Roger Schank's
script-based AI. FRUMP could read long newspaper stories and write
strikingly accurate short summaries. To see where this technology is
today, visit the Columbia Newsblaster, an AI news portal from Columbia
University's NLP (Natural Language Processing) Group. Newsblaster collects
news in real time from a dozen major free online sources, and breaks it
into general categories (e.g. U.S. World, Science) and specific topics
(e.g. stem cell research). Then it writes its own summary of the news on
each topic, and gives links to full stories for those who want to read
more. Judge for yourself, but I'm sure you'll find the auto-generated
summaries to be clear, accurate, and successful in distinguishing what's
central to a story from what's peripheral.
Apart from the intelligent software, a summarizing service like Newsblaster
depends on the availability of free online content to harvest as data for
the software. Imagine a "Researchblaster" for your discipline, harvesting
the growing number of free, online, full-text articles, and offering
accurate summaries organized by category and topic. The Columbia NLP Group
is working on such a system for the field of medicine.
Columbia Newsblaster
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/newsblaster/
Columbia Natural Language Processing Group
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/nlp/index.html
Papers from the Columbia NLP Group on summarizing medical articles
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~noemie/papers/was01.pdf
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~pablo/community/nlp/ISMB2001disambiguation.pdf
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~pablo/community/nlp/klavans_amia00.pdf
Stephen Wan's resources on Automatic Text Summarization, including a
history of the field, list of projects, glossary, and bibliography
http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~swan/summarization/index.htm
* Postscript. Does anyone know of free online research sites in any field
that already run summarizing software? How about freely available
summarizing software capable of taking web content as data?
Text-summarizing or "gisting" software is just one example of software that
will take FOS as data and return services unobtainable or even unimaginable
to researchers in the age of print. Here's another example of from this
week's news. In FOSN for 11/2/01, I wondered whether taxonomy or
categorization software, which evolved for business, was being used
anywhere for academic research. This week the Institute of Physics
announced that it is using the Vivisimo Clustering Engine for searching its
online journals.
http://vivisimo.com/docs/IOP_release.doc
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Developments
* The Budapest Open Access Initiative has now been translated into Russian.
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/
(Sign it, persuade your institution to sign it, take steps to implement it,
and spread the word.)
* _In Cognito_ is now making its full-text articles freely accessible
online. It will still publish a priced, print edition.
_In Cognito_
http://www.univ-ubs.fr/valoria/cognito/
Press release on the new open-access edition
http://makeashorterlink.com/?U19821B8
* The government of New Zealand has approved a plan to provide free online
access to the nation's statutes, regulations, and bills. Existing online
collections are incomplete, unofficial, and do not show amendments
incorporated into the rules they amend. The complete official version will
be phased in gradually and should be finished in three years.
http://makeashorterlink.com/?C1AF25B8
* The University of Colorado has decided to receive only the electronic
editions of all the 600-800 Elsevier journals to which its four campuses
subscribe.
http://www.coloradodaily.com/display/inn_news/news05.txt
(Thanks to Library Geek.)
* Lawtopic is an interesting new service. It simply lists topics for legal
research papers, organized by branches of law. The topics are submitted by
judges, law professors, and practicing lawyers. They are intended for use
by law students in need of cutting-edge research topics. Students who
write on one of the topics are encouraged to credit
Lawtopic.org. (PS: Are there similar services in other disciplines? I'd
love to pose questions for bright grad students to research and answer.)
http://lawtopic.lawlib.ucla.edu/
(Thanks to The Filter.)
* DigitalConsumer.org is a new group devoted to protecting fair-use rights
over digital content repealed by the DMCA and threatened by the SSSCA. It
aims to enact a digital Bill of Rights and undo the recent changes in
copyright law that have harmed readers, consumers, libraries, innovation,
and interoperability. The site includes its draft Bill of Rights, an
excellent FAQ, list of suggested readings, and a form for sending letters
to Congress. If you've wondered how to explain the problems with
contemporary copyright law to colleagues who haven't been following the
news, or how to defend this critique of recent developments without
endorsing piracy, this site is exemplary. (PS: One of DigitalConsumer's
co-founders is Joe Kraus of Excite. Kraus was one of the anti-SSSCA
witness at the recent Senate hearings.)
http://www.digitalconsumer.org/index.html
* [Not Relevant But Who Cares Department.] A radical separatist group in
India has shot and wounded seven people for helping students to cheat on
university exams. The shooters are not friends of higher education so much
as partisans of purity aiming to end every form of corruption in the Indian
state of Manipur.
http://chronicle.com/daily/2002/03/2002031806n.htm
(Accessible only to CHE subscribers.)
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New on the net
* On March 14, the Text-e symposium finished discussing its tenth and last
text. But its forum will remain open for a general discussion of the
issues raised during the symposium: the impact of the web on reading,
writing, research, and the diffusion of knowledge. The moderators have
posted their "conclusions" to the site to stimulate further
discussion. However, their conclusions are much more about the nature and
advantages of online symposia than the impact of the web on reading,
writing, and research.
http://www.text-e.org/index.cfm?switchLang=Eng&
* The Hybrid Library (HyLiFe) Project ended last year. Its toolkit and
recommendations are now online.
http://hylife.unn.ac.uk/toolkit/
(Thanks to El.pub Weekly.)
* Ohio State University has released version 2.0 of Prospero, an
open-source internet document delivery system. Prospero lets libraries
scan, send, and receive documents, and lets users view them on any web
browser. This allows libraries to use the internet as the medium for
inter-library loan, both to move documents between libraries and to deliver
them to patrons. The code for 2.0 is now available for downloading.
http://bones.med.ohio-state.edu/prospero/
(Thanks to Library News Daily.)
* Apache has released 1.0rc2 (version 1.0 release candidate 2) of Xindice,
its open-source database specifically designed to story large archives of
XML. The code may now be downloaded from the site. (PS: Xandice was
formerly called dbXML; see FOSN for 10/19/01.)
http://xml.apache.org/xindice/
(Thanks to El.pub Weekly.)
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Share your thoughts
* The Internet Archive is looking for librarians, authors, publishers,
teachers, and children's advocates to help it build the International
Children's Digital Library, a free online archive of children's
literature. It is also looking for funds to digitize 100,000 children's books.
http://www.archive.org/icdl/index.html
(Thanks to Shelflife.)
* The National Center for State Courts and the Justice Management Institute
would like your thoughts on its draft policy on public and private access
to court records. Comments will be welcome until April 15.
http://www.courtaccess.org/modelpolicy/
(Thanks to C-FIT.)
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In other publications
* In the March 18 _TheScientist_, Barry Palevitz explains how the National
Library of Medicine (essentially, PubMed) is using its LinkOut service to
give users expanded access to other online sources of biomedical research.
http://www.the-scientist.com/yr2002/mar/palevitz_p27_020318.html
* In the March 17 _New York Times_ Kevin Kelly has an excellent essay on
how recording and copying technology has changed, and will continue to
change, music. The deep changes to music that Kelly describes are only
FOS-related if you can let them suggest to your imagination equally deep
changes to scientific and scholarly literature. One of his conclusions
that may transfer to scholarship is that there are many reasons why free
and priced versions of the same content may coexist. For example, there is
far more music of the kind you like than you could ever listen to in your
lifetime. One service worth paying for (until it too is free) is a trusted
discriminator that brings to your attention the content you most want right
now. Another conclusion that may transfer is that ultimately the
pricelessness of free content is less revolutionary than what Kelly calls
the "liquidity" of digital content, or its susceptibility to manipulation
by software. (PS: For an example of how this matters for scholarship, see
the story on text summarizing software, above.)
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/17/magazine/17ONLINE.html
* In the March 14 _Guardian_, Chris Middleton argues that over the next
five years publishing on demand (POD) will be much more attractive to
consumers than ebooks.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/story/0,3605,666679,00.html
* In a March 13 article posted to _AntiCensorWare_, Seth Finkelstein
explains why internet filtering software blocks sites like the Internet
Archive's Wayback Machine. Because these archives are comprehensive, and
because access to them is all or nothing, filtering software regards them
as "loopholes" or "proxy avoidance systems" and blocks them. This kind of
censorship "is not a program accident or human error. It will not be
fixed-when-exposed, or fixed-in-next-release, or
fixed-when-AI-is-developed-someday. It is a logical outcome of the
imperatives of control over all reading material. This 'pre-slipped slope'
results in the deliberate electronic book-burning of a unique,
unparalleled, digital library."
http://sethf.com/anticensorware/general/slip.php
(Thanks to LIS News.)
* In the March 11 _Newsbytes_, Kevin Featherly reports on several bills
before the Florida legislature which would close records to the public that
are now open. None of the information to be removed from public access is
the kind that might be useful to terrorists. For example, one kind reveals
when public officials meet in private with contractors making bids on
public projects. Florida's newspapers are leading a campaign to keep the
records open.
http://www.newsbytes.com/news/02/175115.html
(Thanks to Internet Law News.)
A similar controversy is brewing in New Jersey, but in this case the
initiative to close public records originates in the governor's office and
the opposition to it comes from the legislature.
http://www.app.com/app2001/story/0,21133,530607,00.html
(Thanks to Freedom News Daily.)
* The opening story in the March 11 _The Filter_ is not only about the
Eldred case and the Supreme Court's agreement to hear it next term, but the
OpenLaw method of developing the legal arguments that got it this
far. OpenLaw is the innovation of Lawrence Lessig, who wanted to bring the
"many eyeballs" approach of open source software to litigation. Harvard's
Berkman Center uses OpenLaw to brainstorm in public about the best legal
arguments and strategies to use in real cases (see FOSN for 1/16/02,
2/25/02). The Eldred case is OpenLaw's first case and its first success.
http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/filter/
OpenLaw
http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/
* The March 7 issue of _CLIRinghouse_ is now online. The anonymous
editorial in this issue argues that course management software should
include "direct access" to a college's online library catalog and licensed
databases. This would not only help students find relevant literature and
assistance, but make better use of two expensive campus investments
(licensed online journals and course management software).
http://www.clir.org/pubs/cliringhouse/house07.html
* In a March 2 posting to his web site, Henry Gladney gives a a short (1.5
pp.) overview of some of his recent work in the long-term preservation of
digital documents.
http://home.pacbell.net/hgladney/tdo.pdf
* In a March 15 story in _Planet eBook_, Sam Vaknin debunks the myth that
copyright protects authors (rather than publishers) and gives authors an
incentive to create (rather than publishers an incentive to publish). In
the process he describes the corporate interests that have driven recent
worldwide changes to copyright law, and three powerful tendencies that make
IP rules less and less relevant. These three tendencies are competition
with free content (supported by advertising and other dissemination
subsidies), disintermediation, and market fragmentation.
http://www.planetebook.com/mainpage.asp?webpageid=304&nl
* The March issue of _First Monday_ is now online. It contains the
following two FOS-related articles.
http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_3/
A. Dedeke analyzes different ways to price digital information, given that
the first copy is expensive to produce while subsequent copies are
virtually free. Dedeke also looks at ways to justify differential pricing
based on differences in features and performance.
http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_3/dedeke/
Johan Soderberg offers a Marxist critique of copyright, and argues that
several aspects of Marx's economic philosophy can be construed to support
copyleft and the open source movement.
http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_3/soderberg/
* In a February 24 posting to _Responsible Netizen_, Nancy Willard presents
her report on public schools using internet filters created by the
Religious Right.
http://netizen.uoregon.edu/documents/religious1.html
Here are some news and op-ed pieces based on Willard's report
http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/showStory.cfm?ArticleID=3537
http://www.sptimes.com/2002/03/10/Columns/Internet_filters_shou.shtml
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Following up
To see past coverage of these stories in FOSN, use the search engine at the
FOSN archive.
http://www.topica.com/lists/suber-fos/read
* More on the SSSCA
Jonathan Zittrain has an op-ed in the _New York Times_.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/11/opinion/11ZITT.html
("The PC platform and the Internet to which it connects is [sic] the engine
of the information revolution --as important to our economy and culture as
all the movies in Hollywood. A shift from open platforms to closed
appliances may be inevitable, as our consumerist desire for trustworthy
PC's dovetails with information providers' obsession with control. But we
should beware the haste with which some would sacrifice flexibility for
control. If we can't at least temper this taming of the chaotic PC, the
victims will be competition, innovation and consumer freedom.")
The EFF wants consumers to show their support for Intel, for standing up to
Disney at the recent SSSCA hearings
http://www.eff.org/alerts/20020308_eff_sssca_alert.html
On March 14, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the SSSCA.
http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearing.cfm?id=197
(The hearing agenda and witness list.)
Amy Harmon in the _New York Times_ sets the stage for the hearing by
summarizing the controversy to date.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/14/technology/14PROT.html
Tom Spring gives the background for the readers of _PC World_.
http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,89404,00.asp
At the hearing, executives from Intel, AOL, and Excite testified against
the SSSCA. Hilary Rosen for the RIAA spoke in favor of it.
http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1104-860881.html
http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/technology/tech-media-piracy.html?todaysheadlines
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A29108-2002Mar14.html
Senator Patrick Leahy says the Senate will not pass the SSSCA until
Hollywood and Silicon Valley can find a solution that protects IP without
violating fair-use rights. (PS: And of course if Hollywood and Silicon
Valley do find such a solution, then the SSSCA won't be necessary.)
http://www.newsbytes.com/news/02/175222.html
In recent public statements, Senators Feinstein and Specter have supported
the SSSCA, while Hatch and Leahy have distanced themselves from it.
http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,51072,00.html
* More on the Eldred case.
The _Washington Post_ ran a pro-Eldred editorial on March 5.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38827-2002Mar4.html
("The real-world explanation for these perpetual [copyright] extensions is,
of course, the disproportionate financial clout of corporate copyright
holders in Congress and the galloping increase in the potential value of
their intellectual property, which heightens the holders' reluctance to
give it up when the time comes. There may not be sufficient constitutional
basis for the court to right that imbalance. But if not, perhaps in the
wake of campaign finance reform, some idealistic lawmaker should think
about addressing it.")
Evan Schultz in _Legal Times_ argues that Lessig's strategy in the Eldred
case could fracture the alliance supporting his cause. Lessig's earlier
arguments were narrowly focused and persuasive, but they lost in
court. One of Lessig's recent arguments is borrowed from Phyllis
Schlafly's Eagle Forum, and is broader, less persuasive, and more divisive
than his earlier arguments.
http://makeashorterlink.com/?O1DF1268
("Though [Lessig] initially walked the line between camps in the broad war
over the limits of congressional power, he was inevitably drawn into the
fight. That means that a case with seemingly broad appeal now must be
viewed in starkly political terms. It means that the best hope for truly
reviving the public domain is probably Congress rather than the courts.")
* More on the Elcomsoft/Sklyarov case
Steven Levy summarized the case and its issues for the general public in MSNBC.
http://www.msnbc.com/news/722002.asp?cp1=1
("Can it be illegal to give people the tools to break into their own
property? The U.S. government thinks so.")
* More on the Rosetta Books case
Random House has lost its appeal to stop Rosetta Books from publishing
electronic versions of books for which Random House owns the print rights.
http://www.nando.net/technology/story/298691p-2620544c.html
http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,51022,00.html
http://www.planetebook.com/mainpage.asp?webpageid=302&nl
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9185-2002Mar11.html
Opinion of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals (March 12)
http://laws.lp.findlaw.com/2nd/017912.html
* More on the British Telecom hyperlink patent case
What BT has patented is not closely related to what we know and love as the
internet hyperlink, or at least not as closely related as BT claimed. Some
observers think this ruling will be the basis of a summary judgment against BT.
http://makeashorterlink.com/?A2951388
http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/news/2863034.htm
http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/technology/tech-tech-hyperlinks-patent.html
Opinion of District Court for the Southern District of New York (March 13)
http://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/courtweb/pdf/D02NYSC/02-02452.PDF
* More on anonymous browsing
Last fall, Zero Knowledge laid down its Freedom Network. But it has now
revived it in a new form under the name Freedom WebSecure. SafeWeb, which
also discontinued its free anonymizing service, is looking for a way to
bring it back.
http://makeashorterlink.com/?K10D1298
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Catching up (old news I should have discovered earlier)
* Launched last September, Open Source Schools is a portal for open source
software and "open content" in the service of education. You won't find
much about FOS at the site, yet, but the mission statement for the
organization says it aims "to assist in the movement to broaden 'free' and
'open source' to include more than software". It appears to be "open" to
learning more about FOS, and supporting it, if any readers have an interest
spreading the word.
http://opensourceschools.org/
(Thanks to C-FIT.)
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Correction
* In FOSN for 3/11/02, I wrote about a petition asking that federally
funded software be open source. I attributed the petition to Openly
Informatics, but I should have attributed it to Open Informatics. Openly
Informatics is a software developer for reference linking and related
services, but it has no connection to Open Informatics. Some of its code
is released as open source, but for business reasons unrelated to those put
forth in the petition. My apologies for any confusion this may have caused.
Openly Informatics
http://www.openly.com
Open Informatics
http://www.openinformatics.org
The petition, from the latter, not the former
http://www.openinformatics.org/petition.html
* In FOSN for 3/11/02, I cited this article on the Budapest Open Access
Initiative. Because I couldn't find the author's name, I called it
anonymous. Helene Bosc has discovered that the author's name is Fabrice
Node-Langlois. Thanks, Helene.
La revolte des savants pour la libre publication (for _Figaro_)
http://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/20020218.FIG0147.html
(The article is no longer available at this URL.)
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Conferences
If you plan to attend one of the following conferences, please share your
observations with us through our discussion forum.
* Digital Resources and International Information Exchange: East-West
http://www.iliac.org/seminar/sem1.html
March 18 (Flushing NY), 20 (Stamford CT)
* Internet Librarian International 2002
http://www.internet-librarian.com/index.html
London, March 18-20
* The New Information Order and the Future of the Archive
http://www.ed.ac.uk/iash/archive.conference.html
Edinburgh, March 20-23
* Institute of Mueum and Library Services. Building Digital Communities
http://webwise.mse.jhu.edu/
Baltimore, March 20-22
* Advanced Licensing Workshop
http://www.arl.org/scomm/licensing/advlic.html
Dallas, March 20-22
* Electronic Publishing Strategy
http://www.alpsp.org/tEPS220302.htm
London, March 22
* Association of Information and Dissemination Centers (ASDIC) Spring 2002
Meeting
http://www.asidic.org/s02program.html
St. Augustine, Florida, March 24-26
* OCLC Institute. Steering by Standards. (A series of satellite
videoconferences.)
http://www.oclc.org/institute/events/sbs.htm
Cyberspace. OAI, March 26. OAIS, April 19. Metadata standards in the
future, May 29.
* WebSearch University
http://www.websearchu.com/
San Francisco, March 25-26; Stamford CT, April 30 - May 1; Washington DC,
September 23-24; Chicago, Octeober 22-23; Dallas, November 19-20.
* European Colloquium on Information Retrieval Research
http://www.cs.strath.ac.uk/ECIR02/
Glasgow, March 25-27
* e-Content: Discovering and Delivering Value
http://www.informationhighways.net/conf/cindex.html
Toronto, March 25-27
* New Developments in Digital Libraries
http://www.iceis.org/workshops/nddl/nddl-cfp.htm
Ciudad Real, Spain, April 2-3
* The New Information Order and the Future of the Archive
http://www.ed.ac.uk/iash/archive.conference.html
Edinburgh, March 20-23
* Copyright Management in Higher Education: Ownership, Access and Control
http://www.umuc.edu/distance/odell/cip/copy_manage2002/
Adelphi, Maryland, April 4-5
* Global Knowledge Partnership Annual Meeting
http://makeashorterlink.com/?F21C3456
Addis Ababa, April 4-5
* What Scholars Need to Know to Publish Today: Digital Writing and Access
for Readers
http://library.albany.edu/symposium/
Albany, New York, April 8
* International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~srimani/itcc2002/cfp.html
Las Vegas, April 8-10
* NetLab and Friends: 10 Years of Digital Library Development
http://www.lub.lu.se/netlab/conf/
Lund, April 10-12
* E-Content 2002 (on ebooks)
http://litc.sbu.ac.uk/econtent/index.html
London, April 11
* Censorship and Free Access to Information in Libraries and on the Internet
http://www.db.dk/kon/temadag/Censurogytringsfrihed_eng.htm
Copenhagen, April 11
* International Learned Journals Seminar: We Can't Go On Like This: The
Future of Journals
http://www.alpsp.org/s120402.htm
London, April 12
* SIAM International Conference on Data Mining
http://www.siam.org/meetings/sdm02/
Arlington, Virginia, April 11-13
* Creating access to information: EBLIDA workshop on getting a better deal
from your information licences
http://www.eblida.org/conferences/licensing/licensing.htm
The Hague, April 12
* Licensing Electronic Resources to Libraries
http://www.arl.org/scomm/licensing/pworkshop.html
Philadelphia, April 15
* United Kingdom Serials Group Annual Conference and Exhibition
http://www.uksg.org/conference.htm
University of Warwick, April 15- 17
* Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy
http://www.cfp2002.org/
San Francisco, April 16-19
* EDUCAUSE Networking 2002
http://www.educause.edu/netatedu/events/net2002/
Washington, D.C., April 17-18
* Museums and the Web 2002
http://www.archimuse.com/mw2002/
Boston, April 17-20
* Legal Guidelines for Use of Intellectual Property in Higher Education
http://www.oneonta.edu/conference/copyright/
Oneonta, NY, April 19
* Information, Knowledges and Society: Challenges of A New Era
http://www.congreso-info.cu/venglish.htm
Havana, April 22-26
* DAI Institute on The State of Digital Preservation: An International
Perspective
http://www.clir.org/agenda-digpres.html
Washington, D.C., April 24-25
* CLIR Sponsors' Symposium: New Challenges, New Solutions: Libraries for
the Future
http://www.clir.org/agenda_sponsorsymp.html
Washington, D.C., April 26
* The European Library: The Gate to Europe's Knowledge: Milestone Conference
http://www.europeanlibrary.org/
Frankfurt am Main, April 29-30
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